Publikationen und Downloads

Nikisch, Wittwer (2018) Population dynamics of a soil arthropod simulated using an individual based population model and established fate model data

Many of the available ecotoxicological models deal with protection goals that address field populations. Effect models are often stochastic and spatially explicit. This however makes these models more complex in comparison to the established deterministic exposure models and therefore considerable effort is needed for their verification, validation and comprehensive communication.

Nikisch, Lutz (2017) EasyGUTS Running R GUTS scripts in a Windows® based software

We developed a Windows® software to manipulate and run R GUTS scripts for the evaluation of surface water exposure profiles calculated with the environmental fate model FOCUS TOXSWA 4.4.3.

Faupel et al. (2017) Functional endpoints in ecotoxicology: A case study in freshwater indoor microcosms

Little is known about the influence of toxicants on the function of freshwater sediments. To better understand these effects, a microcosm experiment was carried out with Cadmium (Cd) as a model pollutant (50 and 400 mg Cd kg-1 dry sediment).

Nikisch, Llandera, Lutz (2017) Step4ward – An Efate Toolbox

‘Step4ward’ is a user-friendly Windows® toolbox to automate PECsw calculations, extract data from the current models FOCUS TOXSWA and SWAN and create MS Word® tables in the current dRR format.

Lückmann, Ludwigs, Delgado-Cartay (2015) Non-target organisms – higher-tier methods to refine the risk of plant protection products

Gaviria, Hörold (2014) Tool for Estimating Application Dates for FOCUS Surface Water Scenarios Based on Plant Growth Stages

When using the SWASH FOCUS model shell, application dates are required for the calculation of predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) in surface water. It is necessary to define these application dates for each scenario and crop. However, to-date, no guidance describing a uniform procedure to find adequate application dates based on BBCH codes provided in the GAP table has been implemented.

Nickisch, Erlacher (2014) Modelling concentrations of PPP in ground water after spray application to hop

Hop is not available as crop in the FOCUS groundwater models. In this study we tested if it is necessary to consider the singularity of a crop for the registration of a pesticide or if it is possible to use one of the existent FOCUS crops as a surrogate. Calculations were performed for the non-FOCUS crop hop using hop specific data (e.g. LAI) derived from field measurements.

Henkes, Henkes (2012) Computer controlled High Gradient Extractor for soil organisms

Soil micro-arthropods, such as Acari and Collembola, are essential components of the soil decomposer system and valuable indicators of soil quality and soil biodiversity. Evaluating the impact of agrochemicals or assessing the risks posed by genetically modified plants (GMOs) on micro-soil organisms is likely to gain more importance in the future.

Seiterle-Winn, Hörold (2012) Impact of the Rainfall Criterion in the EFSA Soil Persistence Guideline on Kinetic Evaluation of Field Degradation Trials

In 2010 the EFSA published a new guidance on soil persistence for the derivation of field half lives of pesticides with the aim to exclude loss processes at the soil surface (i.e. photolysis, volatilisation) .

Wang, Erzgräber, Gottesbüren (2010), EPAT – An Exposure Pattern Analysis Tool

The behaviour of pesticides in water bodies adjacent to a single field is calculated for the registration in the EU with the surface water model FOCUS TOXSWA. The calculated pesticide concentrations in the water and sediment layer describe the exposure over time, which is typically characterized by rather short exposure peaks.

Wang, Wolf (2008), A Probabilistic Model for Estimating the Exposure and Effects After Spray Application in Real Landscapes

In current risk assessments for plant protection products applied via spray application, default drift-values are used which are based on a large number of field trials conducted by Ganzelmeier et al. and Rautmann et al.

Wang, Nikolakis, Wolf (2007), Reduction of Unvertainty in Chroni Avian Risk Assessments for Granular Organophosphate-Nematicides by the Use of Field Exposure Data and Probabilistic Risk Evaluation

First tier deterministic chronic avian risk assessments for organophosphate nematicides often indicate a high theoretical long-term risk to birds due to the generally high intrinsic toxicity of these compounds in conjunction with high application rates.