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Katzschner et al. (2019) Accuracy of GPS tag tracking for wildlife risk assessment relevant field scenarios the current situation
Automatic acquisition of detailed animal movement data via GPS tags is nowadays a common scientific method and is still evolving. The main requirement of monitoring data intended for regulatory risk assessments is the continuous (or at least minute based) recording of the exact position of tagged individuals in the agricultural landscapes.
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Jakoby et al. (2019) Designing and conducting mesofauna field studies What should study design consider in terms of sample storage, extraction and detectable differences?
Mesofauna field studies can be conducted as higher tier refinement option. Such studies investigate effects on species composition and abundance at community/population level under realistic exposure conditions
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Ludwigs et al. (2019) Calculating realistic long term PT values for wildlife risk assessment insights from telemetry field studies
The current EFSA guidance document (GD) on risk assessment for birds and mammals (2009) assumes, if no specific data are available, that animals feed exclusively on pesticide treated fields.
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Hahne et al. (2019) New proposed Residues on Fruits (RUD’s) for frugivorescenarios in EFSA Bird and Mammal Risk Assessment
The Guidance Document on Risk Assessment for Birds and Mammals (EFSA 2009) provides default ‘Residue per unit dose’ or RUD values for food items to be used in wild life risk assessments. Most of these RUD values are based on large numbers of registration relevant residue studies conducted by industry members and provided to EFSA.
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Montinaro et al. (2019) Telemetry of sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) in vineyards – Are methods established for terrestrial vertebrate risk assessments effective in recording higher tier data for reptiles?
Habitats bordering vineyards represent primary habitats for reptiles. This taxon can become exposed when foraging between vineyards, where pesticide application is frequent. EFSA (2018) suggests the sand lizard as a focal species to represent other lacertids living in agricultural land.
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Laucht et al. (2019) Vole field effect studies for ERA refinement at higher tiers How many voles are enough
The current EFSA bird and mammal guidance 2009 gives advice on how potential adverse effects of pesticides on wild vertebrates can be assessed One option for higher tier assessments is to conduct field effect studies to monitor potential acute or long term effects on small mammal populations using a capture mark recapture design However,
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Blanckenhagen, Reichert, Nickisch (2019) Beyond SFO? Residue decline on food in birds & mammals risk assessments
For wildlife risk assessments, the Guidance Document on Risk Assessment for Birds and Mammals (EFSA 2009 provides a default DT 50 of 10 days for food items like arthropods and vegetation. It also offers refinement options for higher tier birds and mammals risk assessments.
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Esther et al. (2019) Proposed Indoor Test Procedure to Quantify Pesticide Treatment Effects on Seed Consumption by Birds
Pesticides used in seed coatings can influence seed consumption by birds and, therefore, actual exposure risk for them. A quantification of such effects on consumption is currently not regarded as a refinement factor in environmental risk assessments, although it is a possible option and should be considered, for example, for comparing exposure risk of different pesticides.
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Lückmann, Faupel, Ludwigs (2018) ‘Focal species’ – can this well-known concept in higher-tier risk assessments be an appropriate approach for solitary bees?
Bumble bees and solitary bees have to be considered in addition to honey bees regarding environmental pollinator risk assessments. For solitary bees it is proposed to use Osmia cornuta (LATR., 1805) or O. bicornis (L., 1758) as test organisms.
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Nikisch, Mediancev, Jakoby (2018) RIFCON EasyGUTS: User-friendly and freely available software for TK/TD modelling of survival
GUTS (General Unified Threshold model of Survival) is one of the most commonly used models for toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic evaluations of aquatic experiments in the context of the European registration of plant protection products at lower tiers in the ecotoxicological risk assessment.
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Nikisch, Wittwer (2018) Population dynamics of a soil arthropod simulated using an individual based population model and established fate model data
Many of the available ecotoxicological models deal with protection goals that address field populations. Effect models are often stochastic and spatially explicit. This however makes these models more complex in comparison to the established deterministic exposure models and therefore considerable effort is needed for their verification, validation and comprehensive communication.
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Montinaro, Grimm, Ludwigs (2018) Telemetry study on the common toad (Bufo bufo) during postbreeding migration through cereal fields in Germany
The recent Scientific Opinion on the state of the science on pesticide risk assessment for amphibians and reptiles (EFSA 2018) points out the need to collect more data on the ecology of amphibians to reduce uncertainties when assessing the potential risks associated with exposure to pesticides.
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