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Esther et al. (2019) Proposed Indoor Test Procedure to Quantify Pesticide Treatment Effects on Seed Consumption by Birds
Pesticides used in seed coatings can influence seed consumption by birds and, therefore, actual exposure risk for them. A quantification of such effects on consumption is currently not regarded as a refinement factor in environmental risk assessments, although it is a possible option and should be considered, for example, for comparing exposure risk of different pesticides.
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Lückmann, Faupel, Ludwigs (2018) ‘Focal species’ – can this well-known concept in higher-tier risk assessments be an appropriate approach for solitary bees?
Bumble bees and solitary bees have to be considered in addition to honey bees regarding environmental pollinator risk assessments. For solitary bees it is proposed to use Osmia cornuta (LATR., 1805) or O. bicornis (L., 1758) as test organisms.
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330 KB
Nikisch, Mediancev, Jakoby (2018) RIFCON EasyGUTS: User-friendly and freely available software for TK/TD modelling of survival
GUTS (General Unified Threshold model of Survival) is one of the most commonly used models for toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic evaluations of aquatic experiments in the context of the European registration of plant protection products at lower tiers in the ecotoxicological risk assessment.
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651 KB
Nikisch, Wittwer (2018) Population dynamics of a soil arthropod simulated using an individual based population model and established fate model data
Many of the available ecotoxicological models deal with protection goals that address field populations. Effect models are often stochastic and spatially explicit. This however makes these models more complex in comparison to the established deterministic exposure models and therefore considerable effort is needed for their verification, validation and comprehensive communication.
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659 KB
Montinaro, Grimm, Ludwigs (2018) Telemetry study on the common toad (Bufo bufo) during postbreeding migration through cereal fields in Germany
The recent Scientific Opinion on the state of the science on pesticide risk assessment for amphibians and reptiles (EFSA 2018) points out the need to collect more data on the ecology of amphibians to reduce uncertainties when assessing the potential risks associated with exposure to pesticides.
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2 MB
Montinaro et al. (2018) Telemetry of sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) in vineyards – Are methods established for terrestrial vertebrate risk assessments effective in recording higher tier data for reptiles?
Habitats bordering vineyards represent primary habitats for reptiles. This taxon can become exposed when foraging between vineyards, where pesticide application is frequent. EFSA (2018) suggests the sand lizard as a focal species to represent other lacertids living in agricultural land.
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2 MB
Sgolastra et al. (2018) Pesticide Exposure Assessment Paradigm for Solitary Bees
Current pesticide risk assessment for bees relies on a single (social) species, the western honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). However, most of the >20,000 bee species worldwide are solitary.
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Vallon et al. (2018) Focal Species Candidates for Pesticide Risk Assessment in European Rice Fields: A Review
An assessment of potential risks of pesticides on wildlife is required during the process of product registration within Europe because of the importance of agricultural landscapes as wildlife habitats. Despite their peculiarity and their specific role as artificial wetlands, rice paddies are to date pooled with cereals in guidance documents on how to conduct risk assessments for birds and mammals in Europe.
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377 KB
Gradish et al. (2018) Comparison of Pesticide Exposure in Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Implications for Risk Assessments
To date, regulatory pesticide risk assessments have relied on the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as a surrogate test species for estimating the risk of pesticide exposure to all bee species. However, honey bees and non-Apis bees may differ in their susceptibility and exposure to pesticides.
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358 KB
Alscher, Hecht-Rost, Lückmann (2017) On the way to a new guideline: Results of three years of bumble bee semi-field testing
According to the EFSA Guidance Document on bees (EFSA, 2013), not only honey bees but also bumble bees should be considered in the risk assessment of plant protection products. Up to now, no official guideline for standardised semi-field trials is available to assess effects on bumble bees.
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3 MB
Nikisch, Lutz (2017) EasyGUTS Running R GUTS scripts in a Windows® based software
We developed a Windows® software to manipulate and run R GUTS scripts for the evaluation of surface water exposure profiles calculated with the environmental fate model FOCUS TOXSWA 4.4.3.
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649 KB
Blanckenhagen (2017) Enclosure set up: a well-known system as a new semi-field approach for risk assessment of plant protection products on common voles
Within the EFSA (2009) guided registration of pesticides, the risk assessment for small herbivorous mammals is an all-crop scenario, which often fails to reach the trigger indicating a safe use, even with the higher tier approach. For supporting ‘weight of evidence’ approaches, EFSA (2009) recommends field effect studies or population modelling.
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3 MB